This article describes the design and manufacturing of a subscale model of a multipurpose simulator which enables the user to perform costly road tests in lab. The simulator comprises of two AC servo machines, one acting as internal combustion engine and the other acting for road loads. The engine side drive can be programmed to simulate the exact performance curves of any desired engine and to even exert negative load similar to an engine during vehicle coasting with no gas input. The road side drive can also be programmed to simulate car inertia as well as road resistances such as positive or negative slopes, air drag and wind in different directions, tire resistances, and climatic road condition changes. The gear box to be tested, manual or automatic, can be installed between the two drives to complete the drive train. The system has the power saver feature, returning the brake power of the road side drive to electrical grid.A user friendly HMI enables the operator to do the adjustments and programming prior to the test and to customize the engine and the road according to the desired test. The used programming functions are very powerful and easy to use.During the test the operator can apply gas, brake and if necessary clutch manually or through the test program. All the test data is recorded during the test by the simulator data acquisition system for further analysis. This simulator can perform long term road tests bearing heavy cost and manpower on car companies. It is also capable of measuring drive train efficiency, observing speed and load related actions of automatic transmission, pre evaluation of development ideas and road testing engine and gearbox replacements for existing platforms. A 1: 50 scale, but full feature, of the system was built and successfully tested for design assessment and evaluation.

One of the appropriate methods to improve the roadway that is built on the weak subgrade is use of geosynthetic reinforcement that was already highly regarded. Nowadays, using new materials such as gesynthetic Polymer in the pavement layers, is highly regarded due to technical specifications and better distribution of traffic loads and prevents local settlement. Existence of the reinforcement layer at the base-subgrade interface results in lower vertical pressure on the underlying layer (subgrade) due to wider distribution of load from truck traffic. Many field and laboratory test conducted to investigate the behavior of reinforced subgrade and achieve to the suitable design methodology has been implemented. However, due to limitations such as high cost of laboratory or field test, evaluate the performance of reinforced roads under traffic loads by numerical Simulation methods have been developed. Numerical analysis are capable that with Simulation of paved and unpaved road, develop the parametric studies for complex structures such as reinforced subgrade. In this study, the finite element method (FEM) is used to investigate the behavior of the geosynthetic reinforced roads. Finite Element Method is able to analyze stability, time-dependent problems and those problems with non-linear properties for the material. The Simulation procedure is done in several steps. First the exact geometry and dimensions and other data of field test were extracted to produce the numerical model, then the Elastoplastic behavior is used to introduce materials behavior of pavement structure. Third, quasi static loading is also performing to acquire real Simulation of experimental model. Therefore, the three-dimensional model in ABAQUS that has several advantages compared to the two-dimensional model conducted and the results of the 3d numerical study with field tests results in Montana university-Bazmn, is compared, then the effect of reinforcing mechanical properties, elastic module of base layer and reinforced subgrade on settlement was evaluated. The results showed that the Simulation by finite element method, according to the assumptions used in three-dimensional modeling includes the quasi-static loading and frictional interaction parameters in terms of the contact surfaces, have a good agreement with the results of field test. FE analysis indicated that geogrid improves pavement life in terms of rutting. The numerical study results also show that the settlement of reinforced road strongly influenced by the mechanical properties of reinforcement. So with the existence of reinforcements, the section settlement will reduce up to 84 percent. FE analysis showed that benefits of reinforcement are more noticeable when stiffer geogrid are used. With reduce the elastic module of geogrid (about 50%) the surface settlement about 61% increased. If the base layer has a low stiffness, Existence of the reinforcement has more effect on reducing the settlement and the strain. Whereas increasing in the base layer stiffness, indicates the larger amounts of reduction on surface settlement with the existence of geogrid at the interface of base layers and subgrade and also effect the stiffness of subgrade and base layer in reinforced test section on the surface settlement compared to unreinforced test section about 50% reduced.

Producion of efficient antimicrobial drugs against to common human pathogens is one of the most important challenges in the field of medical microbiology. Continuous screening of clinical isolates and survey of antimicrobial resistance pattern is critical.Today, disk diffusion and dilution methods are known as the common antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Disk diffusion method does not render dependable results in determination of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern because this method is semi quantitative. MIC determination by microdilution and macrodilution techniques and recent method “E-test”, have given interpretable results to researchers. Microdilution and macrodilution methods are also time consuming, expensive and error- prone methods. Whereas E-test method is one of the means by which we will be able to determine susceptibility pattern of known species in low cost and short time. In this survey, constructing and printing of E-test, coating of antibiotic on O.H.P film and quality control of constructed E-tests were performed according to M7 A7 CLSI Standard. In this study quality of required materials for E-test Production were suitable. Evaluation of constructed strips was performed using standard strain of staphylococcus aureus and reproducibly of results was appreciated.

Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease due to contact with different substances and caused by two mechanisms: allergy and irritation. Contact dermatitis is a common skin disease and the most common occupational dermatosis. Differentiating between allergic and irritant contact dermatitis is essential in the identification of etiologic factor(s) and hence, its control and prognosis. This differentiation can be done only by patch test. Unfortunately, this simple, safe and useful test is always neglected. We review the basics of patch test, the method of performance, reading and interpretation of its results, possible side effects and results of studies done with patch test in different countries.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal problems are the common complaints of patients refer to internal medicine clinics and the pain is the most important of them. There are different physiotherapy methods for reduction of pain and action potential Simulation therapy (APS therapy) is one of newest methods. The aim of this study was to determine reduction of pain with APS therapy. Materials & Methods: In 47 patients with different musculoskeletal pain APS therapy performed in 6 days each for 16 minutes and with current of 0.7-1.2 mA. Pain (VAS), Global functional status (ACR) and relief of pain (VAS) before and after study compared.Results: APS therapy reduced pain (p<0.001) and increased Global functional status (p<0.001) and increased relief of pain (p<0.005) but there was not any correlation between this reduction of pain with APS therapy and educational status and past history of physiotherapy and duration of illness in these patients.Conclusion: APS therapy is a useful physiotherapy modality for reduction of pain in musculoskeletal problems.

The present study investigated varieties of C-test as measures of General Language proficiency (GLP). C-test was first introduced into language testing as a modification of close procedure. The original C-test was developed by mutilating the second half of every other word, beginning from word two ID sentence two of [l passage. Through various studies, C-test proved an integrative and a highly reliable and valid measure of (GLP. The present study was also aimed at further confirming those findings by investigating not only the original C-test but other varietis of C-test. To this end ten C-test versions were developed, by applying different deletion techniques and deletion rates, and were administered among nearly 500 senior EFL students, in the way that each form was given to almost 50 subjects. All the subjects had already taken a TOEFL. and a close test prior to the administration of the C-tests. The results of data analyses showed that C:-test may measure different things one of which might be general language proficiency and as such, not all varieties of C-test measure this construct to the same extent.

High-speed maglev train is considered an ideal vehicle in the 21st Century. The travel mechanism as an important part of the train, bears and delivers a variety of vertical and horizontal alternating load in operation. It affects the operation safety of the train directly, so key components of the travel mechanism should be under fatigue strength test by fatigue test machine. The paper proposed a variable frequency pump control fatigue test machine for high-speed maglev train. It simplified the structure and improved the stability and reliability by using variable frequency pump control technology to regulate the velocity of the motion of hydraulic cylinder. Introducing the operating principle of the system, established the Simulation model including frequency converter, electromotor and hydraulic system. The system performance in the cases of variable load and variable speed is analyzed with the SIMULINK of MATLAB. The system is verified correct and feasible by comparing Simulation results with the actual situations. Finally, control performance of the model system was optimized by using PID closed-loop controller as well. The variable frequency pump control fatigue test machine achieved high response and high energy efficiency, so it is suitable for fatigue test application.

Flight Simulation is frequently used to analyze airplane performance. However, the related results must be compared with corresponding flight test data. This paper uses statistical procedures and spectral analysis in determining the validity of the mathematical model. For validation of this methodology, the Simulation results have been compared with three actual airplane flight tests. This comparison shows relatively close agreements.